Running TestNG tests can be done in two ways: either directly from the IDE (by selecting the desired tests and choosing to ‘Run TestNG tests’) or from the command line. The latter option is very useful when trying to run only a selection of all the tests, that might spread across different classes or packages,… Read More
Common Selenium exceptions
Here is a list of the most common Selenium exceptions, and their possible cause:
Waiting for UI events
When running Selenium tests, in many situations one would like to wait to for some event to take place, before performing an action. For example, after clicking a button, one would need to wait for an element to be displayed until the test can use that element (the element being displayed is the event, using… Read More
Run tests on multiple browsers
Running tests on multiple browsers helps ensure that the behavior and look of your application is consistent for all your users. Selenium offers the possibility to use most common browsers to run your tests against. However, if your application needs to run also on mobile devices, from within their browsers (not from within native applications… Read More
TestNG @Test attributes
When writing tests in TestNG, you will either mark your whole class with the @Test annotation (so that each public method that appears in your class will be considered a test method), or you will explicitly attach this annotation to every method you will run tests from. The latter approach allows for a bit of… Read More
TestNG annotations
Tests written with the TestNG framework need to be annotated properly in order to be recognized as tests. A Java class will contain methods, that will either be the actual tests, or methods that perform some actions needed within a test. A class or a method that represent a test, will be annotated with the… Read More
Creating the page objects
What is a page object Simply put, a page object is an object that Selenium uses as a representation of an HTML element. Selenium tests will not interact with HTML code directly, but with objects that use selectors to refer to particular bits of the HTML code. Defining page objects You will need to create… Read More
CSS Selectors
Identifying HTML elements in order to interact with them within you tests can be done by using CSS Selectors, which use pattern matching to easily find these elements. Below are the most used patterns to identify the elements on a page and examples of their usage:
XPATH selectors
To select HTML elements from your page, you can use XPath selectors, which are basically a set of expressions that will extract the nodes you require. The nodes are obtained by following a path in the HTML document, either downwards from a known node, or upwards (it searches for descendants or ancestors of a known… Read More
Setting up the Selenium bits
After the project is created, you need to setup the Selenium dependency, in order to use the library’s functionality. Make sure you always have the latest Selenium libraries available. The constant upgrade of the modern browsers might make some Selenium features unavailable or not working properly with older library versions. Browser Releases To see what… Read More
